Where cold starts happen
Lambda-backed APIs, Azure Functions behind APIM Consumption, and any serverless data plane on cold containers. Cloudflare Workers and Fastly Compute@Edge are isolates that warm in milliseconds and rarely cold-start meaningfully.
Mitigation cost
AWS Lambda provisioned concurrency is billed per GB-second of concurrent capacity. A modest 5-GB-second baseline on a hot endpoint adds roughly $40 to $60 per month per function.